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Vitamin C is one of the best studied and most widely used active ingredients in cosmetics. Its popularity is due to its broad spectrum of action, including antioxidant protection, support of collagen synthesis and effect on skin tone levelling. At the same time, vitamin C is not a homogeneous ingredient - it is found in cosmetics in many chemical forms that differ in stability, solubility, bioavailability and [...] profile.

Water is one of the most commonly used raw materials in cosmetic formulations and in many products it constitutes their main quantitative component. However, its presence in the formulation is sometimes taken for granted, even though, from a technological point of view, its use should always be a conscious formulation decision. This article discusses the role of water in cosmetics, its technological functions, quality requirements [...].

In the discussion of „natural” and „synthetic” cosmetics, a conceptual and methodological distinction is crucial: marketing terminology often simplifies the technological reality. From the point of view of cosmetic formulation, we are talking about the origin of the ingredients (plant, mineral, animal or synthesised in the laboratory), the ways in which they are processed and, just as importantly, how the manufacturer declares and documents the „naturalness” of the product. The standard [...]